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- $Unique_ID{BRK03275}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{pentobarbital}
- $Subject{Nembutal Abbott sodium Sedative/hypnotic pentobarbital barbiturates
- central nervous system brain spinal cord depressants sleeping aid insomnia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- pentobarbital
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- Nembutal (Abbott)
- pentobarbital sodium (various manufacturers)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Sedative/hypnotic
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- pentobarbital
-
- DOSAGE FORMS
-
- Capsules (50 mg and 100 mg)
- Oral elixir (20 mg per 5-ml spoonful, with 18% alcohol)
- Suppositories (30 mg, 60 mg, 120 mg, and 200 mg)
-
- STORAGE
-
- Pentobarbital capsules and oral elixir should be stored at room
- temperature in tightly closed containers. The suppositories should be stored
- in the refrigerator. Pentobarbital should never be frozen.
-
- USES
-
- This medication belongs to a group of drugs known as barbiturates, which
- are central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) depressants. It is used as
- a sleeping aid in the treatment of insomnia.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- You can take pentobarbital at bedtime. The capsules can be taken with
- water, food, or milk.
- Each dose of the oral elixir form of this medication should be measured
- carefully with a specially designed 5-ml measuring spoon. An ordinary kitchen
- teaspoon is not accurate enough. The elixir can be taken by itself or mixed
- with water, milk, or fruit juice.
- To insert the suppository form of this medication, first unwrap it and
- moisten it slightly with water (if the suppository is too soft to insert, run
- cold water over it or refrigerate it for 30 minutes before you unwrap it).
- Lie down on your left side, with your right knee bent. Push the suppository
- well into the rectum with your finger. Try to avoid having a bowel movement
- for at least an hour so that the medication can be absorbed.
- You should not use this drug as a sleeping aid for more than two weeks.
- With prolonged use, pentobarbital loses its ability to induce and sustain
- sleep.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, a "hangover" feeling,
- headache, nausea, stomach upset, or vomiting. These side effects should
- disappear as your body adjusts to the medication.
- If you feel dizzy or light-headed, sit or lie down for a while; get up
- slowly from a sitting or reclining position, and be careful on stairs.
- To relieve constipation, increase the amount of fiber in your diet (fresh
- fruits and vegetables, salads, bran, and whole-grain breads), exercise, and
- drink more water (unless your doctor directs you to do otherwise).
-
- Major.
-
- Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
- particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- chest tightness, confusion, depression, difficulty in breathing, excitation,
- fatigue, feeling faint, hives or itching, loss of coordination, muscle or
- joint pain, skin rash, slurred speech, sore throat, unusual bleeding or
- bruising, unusual weakness, or yellowing of the eyes or skin.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- Pentobarbital interacts with several other types of drugs:
- 1. Concurrent use of it with other central nervous system depressants
- (such as alcohol, antihistamines, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, muscle
- relaxants, narcotics, pain medications, and phenothiazine tranquilizers) or
- with tricyclic antidepressants can cause extreme drowsiness.
- 2. Valproic acid, chloramphenicol, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
- can prolong the effects of pentobarbital.
- 3. Pentobarbital can decrease the blood levels and, therefore, the
- effectiveness of oral anticoagulants (blood thinners, such as warfarin),
- digitoxin, tricyclic antidepressants, doxycycline, cortisone-like medicines,
- metronidazole, quinidine, estrogens, birth control pills, phenytoin,
- acetaminophen, and carbamazepine.
- 4. The combination of pentobarbital and furosemide can cause low blood
- pressure and fainting.
- 5. Pentobarbital can increase the side effects of cyclophosphamide or
- large doses of acetaminophen.
- Before starting to take pentobarbital, BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- any medications you are currently taking, especially any of those listed
- above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to
- any medications, especially to pentobarbital or to other barbiturates (such as
- amobarbital, butabarbital, mephobarbital, metharbital, phenobarbital,
- primidone, and secobarbital).
- * Before starting to take this medication, be sure to tell your doctor if
- you now have or if you have ever had acute or chronic (long-term) pain,
- Addison's disease (an underactive adrenal gland), diabetes mellitus, kidney
- disease, liver disease, lung disease, mental depression, porphyria, or thyroid
- disease.
- * Since this medication makes you drowsy, do not take part in any
- activity that requires alertness, such as driving a car or operating
- potentially dangerous machinery.
- * This drug has the potential for abuse and must be used with caution.
- Tolerance develops quickly; do not increase the dosage or stop taking this
- drug without consulting your doctor.
- * If you have been taking pentobarbital for a long time or have been
- taking large doses, you may experience anxiety, muscle twitching, tremors,
- weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, or blurred vision when you
- stop taking it. To avoid this reaction, your doctor may want to reduce your
- dosage gradually.
- * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Barbiturates cross
- the placenta, and there has been an association between birth defects and the
- use of this class of drugs during pregnancy. Such drugs may also lead to an
- increase in bleeding complications in the newborn. The risks should be
- discussed with your doctor. In addition, if pentobarbital is used for
- prolonged periods during the last three months of pregnancy, there is a chance
- that the infant will be born addicted to the medication and will experience a
- withdrawal reaction (convulsions or irritability) at birth. Also, tell your
- doctor if you are breastfeeding an infant. Small amounts of pentobarbital
- pass into breast milk and may cause excessive drowsiness or breathing problems
- in nursing infants.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-